Yeast cells have controllable biosorption on metallic ions during metabolism.However,few studies were dedicated to using yeast-regulated biomimetic mineralization process to control the strontium-doped positions in calcium phosphate microcapsules.In this study,the yeast cells were allowed to pre-adsorb strontium ions metabolically and then served as sacrificing template for the precipitation and calcination of mineral shell.The pre-adsorption enabled the microorganism to enrich of strontium ions into the inner part of the microcapsules,which ensured a slow-release profile of the trace element from the microcapsule.The co-culture with human marrow stromal cells showed that gene expressions of alkaline phosphatase and Collagen-I were promoted.The promotion of osteogenic differentiation was further confirmed in the 3D culture of cell-material complexes.The strategy using living microorganism as‘smart doping apparatus’to control incorporation of trace element into calcium phosphate paved a pathway to new functional materials for hard tissue regeneration.
Miaojun HuangTianjie LiTing PanNaru ZhaoYongchang YaoZhichen ZhaiJiaan ZhouChang DuYingjun Wang
