In the research of parachute, canopy inflation process modeling is one of the most complicated tasks. As canopy often experiences the largest deformations and loa-dings during a very short time, it is of great difficulty for theoretical analysis and experimental measurements. In this paper, aerodynamic equations and structural dynamics equations were developed for describing parachute opening process, and an iterative coupling solving strategy incorpo- rating the above equations was proposed for a small-scale, flexible and flat-circular parachute. Then, analyses were carried out for canopy geometry, time-dependent pressure difference between the inside and outside of the canopy, transient vortex around the canopy and the flow field in the radial plane as a sequence in opening process. The mechanism of the canopy shape development was explained from perspective of transient flow fields during the inflation process. Experiments of the parachute opening process were conducted in a wind tunnel, in which instantaneous shape of the canopy was measured by high velocity camera and the opening loading was measured by dynamometer balance. The theoretical predictions were found in good agreement with the experimental results, validating the proposed approach. This numerical method can improve the situation of strong dependence of parachute research on wind tunnel tests, and is of significance to the understanding of the mechanics of parachute inflation process.
基于降落伞的重要应用与设计的实际需要,降落伞的数值模拟开始得到越来越多的重视,而充气过程是其中最为复杂的一个阶段。本文建立了平面圆形伞主充气过程中的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)与结构动力学的MSD(Mass Spring Damper)之间的耦合模型。流场求解采用稳定性较高的标准k-ε模型,在多块贴体坐标下,获得某时间节点处的流场,并将该流场中的压力数据引入MSD模型,以获得下一时间节点的伞衣形状,最终获得主充气过程中伞衣形状和流场之间的动态关系。数值计算结果和实验结果及经验值比较,均有较好的一致性。充气过程的数值求解有助于提高对降落伞充气过程机理的理解。
With the entropy generation minimization （EGM） method, the thermodynamical performance optimization in a thermoelectric refrigeration system is studied. The optimization is affected by the irreversibility of heat transfer caused by finite temperature differences, the heat leak between external heat reservoirs and the internal dissipation of working fluids. EGM is taken as an objective function for the optimization. The objective function and design parameters are obtained. Optimal performance curves are presented by thermal and electronic parameters. Effects of these parameters on general and optimal performances are investigated. Results are helpful in determining optimal design conditions in real thermoelectric refrigeration systems.
