Background Aging is an important risk factor for vascular dementia, and D-galactose （D-gal） injection can simulate the pathology of aging. Two-vessel occlusion of common carotid arteries （2VO） is the most popular model for vascular dementia. This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of D-gal injection plus 2VO simulating cognitive impairment of aging vascular dementia; and whether transplanted bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs） can improve the cognitive function induced by D-gal injection plus 2VO.Methods Totally 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups equivalently： control group, D-gal group,D-gal＋2VO group, D-gal＋2VO＋saline water group, and D-gal＋2VO＋BMSCs group. Aging hypoperfusion rats were created by subcutaneous injection of D-gal and occlusion of two common carotid arteries. BMSCs or saline water was stereotactically transplanted into the subventricular zone as treatment vehicles at 24 hours post operation. Two-way repeat analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used for significance analysis of 5 groups at 6 weeks post transplantation;moreover, Tamhane＇s test （equal variance not assumed） and least significant difference （LSD） test （equal variance assumed） were used for pairwise comparison in Morris water maze （MWM）.Results Transplanted BMSCs distributed around the lateral ventricles and acquired the phenotypes of neurons and astrocytes. In terms of swimming path distance and escape latency in MWM, D-gal＋2VO＋BMSC group showed significant improvement than the D-gal＋2VO group but was still obviously worse than the control group （both P ＜0.05）.There was no significant difference in swimming speed for all 5 groups.Conclusions D-gal plus 2VO induces cognitive dysfunction. The engrafted BMSCs exhibit the beneficial effect on cognitive function via promotion interactively with host brain.
