The most important interface-related quantities determined by band alignment are the barrier heights for charge trans- port, given by the Fermi level position at the interface. Taking Pb（Zr, Ti）O3 （PZT） as a typical ferroelectric material and applying X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, we briefly review the interface formation and barrier heights at the inter- faces between PZT and electrodes made of various metals or conductive oxides. Polarization dependence of the Schottky barrier height at a ferroelectric/electrode interface is also directly observed using XPS.
Spinel vanadates possess rich physics arising from the interaction among spin,orbital and lattice degrees of freedom.We report the dielectric properties of polycrystalline Fe1.8V1.2O4.A thermally activated dielectric relaxation appeared in low temperature due to the inhomogeneous conductivity between grains and grain boundaries.We found an artificial ferroelecticity in this sample.An abnormal frequency-independent dielectric peak appeared at room temperature when the samples were measured during warming in ambient air.However,this peak disappeared in the following cooling process.By dielectric frequency spectrum and equivalent circuit analysis in detail,we found the sample had a surface layer in warming but not in cooling process.We also confirmed that this surface layer was induced by the adsorption of water,which is responsible for the dielectric peak.
The mutual control mechanism between magnetization and polarization in multiferroic materials is studied. The system contains a ferromagnetic sublattice and a ferroelectric sublattice. To describe the magneto–electric coupling, we propose a linear coupling Hamiltonian between ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity without microscopic derivation. This coupling enables one to retrieve the hysteresis loops measured experimentally. The thermodynamic properties of the system are calculated, such as the temperature dependences of the magnetization, polarization, internal energy and free energy.The ferromagnetic and ferroelectric hysteresis loops driven by either a magnetic or an electric field are calculated, and the magnetic spin and pseudo-spin are always flipped synchronously under the external magnetic and electric field. Our theoretical results are in agreement with the experiments.
We have comprehensively investigated the frustrated J1-J2-J3 Heisenberg model on a simple cubic lattice. This model allows three regimes of magnetic order, viz., (π;π;π), (0;π;π) and (0;0;π), denoted as AF1, AF2, and AF3, respectively. The effects of the interplay of neighboring couplings on the model are studied in the entire temperature range. The zero temperature magnetic properties of this model are discussed utilizing the linear spin wave (LSW) theory, nonlinear spin wave (NLSW) theory, and Green’s function (GF) method. The zero temperature phase diagrams evaluated by the LSW and NLSW methods are illustrated, and are observed to exhibit different parameter boundaries. In certain regions and along the parameter boundaries, the possible phase transformations driven by the parameters are discussed. The results obtained using the LSW, NLSW, and GF methods are compared with those obtained using the series expansion (SE) method, and are observed to be in good agreement when the value of J2 is not close to the parameter boundaries. The ground state energies obtained using the LSW and NLSW methods are close to that obtained using the SE method. At finite temperatures, only the GF method is employed to evaluate the magnetic properties, and the calculated phase diagram is observed to be identical to the classical phase diagram. The results indicate that at the parameter boundaries, a temperature-driven first-order phase transition between AF1 and AF2 may occur along the boundary line. Along the AF1-AF3 and AF2-AF3 boundary lines, AF3 is less stable than AF1 and AF2. Our calculated critical temperature agrees with that obtained using Monte Carlo simulations and pseudofermion functional renormalization group scheme.
采用固相烧结法制备了FeV_2O_4多晶块材,采用X射线衍射法和电子显微镜断面扫描对FeV_2O_4多晶块材进行结构表征,并测量其铁电极化强度和交、直流电输运特性.结果表明,制备的FeV_2O_4多晶块材是纯净的,结构较致密.低温(6K)时FeV_2O_4多晶块材的铁电饱和极化强度达到141.8μC/m2,外加磁场后自发极化强度受到较大的压制,表明样品具有较强的磁电效应,其最大磁阻效应(2.83%)出现在亚铁磁转变温度TN1(110K)处.结合交流阻抗谱辅助等效回路分析法,对测量数据进行拟合.结果显示FeV_2O_4多晶块材的直流和交流输运特性都符合Mott的变程跳跃(variable range hopping,VRH)机制,其能带是近似于原子能级的窄带.
In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of the effects of the transverse correlation function （TCF） on the thermodynamic properties of Heisenberg antiferromagnetic （AFM） and ferromagnetic （FM） systems with cubic lattices. The TCF of an FM system is positive and increases with temperature, while that of an AFM system is negative and decreases with temperature. The TCF lowers internal energy, entropy and specific heat. It always raises the free energy of an FM system but raises that of an AFM system only above a specific temperature when the spin quantum number is S 〉 1. Comparisons between the effects of the TCFs on the FM and AFM systems are made where possible.
