Certain non-metallic granules （NMG） were selected as the research object. It was proposed to conduct the volume compression experiments as well as those on the NMG physical properties at high stress levels. Then, not only the volume compression ratio curve but also the extended Drucker-Prager linear model were obtained. In addition, through the friction strength tests, parameters of the Mohr-Coulomb model were gained, which proved in basic agreement with those of the extended Drucker-Prager linear model. Additionally, curves of the friction coefficients between the NMG and the sheet metal trader different pressures were also obtained. Based on the material performance experiments, numerical analysis in respect of flexible-die forming process with solid granule medium （SGM） was conducted. The die and device for experiments of solid granule medium forming （SGMF） on sheet metal were designed and manufactured. Typical parabolic parts were successfully trial-produced. The tests and simulation results show that the sheet formability is significantly improved for the extraordinary friction performance during interaction between the SGM and the sheet metal surface. The process control and die structure are simple, and the shaped work-pieces enjoy many advantages, such as satisfactory surface quality and favorable die fitability, which offers a brand-new method and means for processing and preparation of sheet metals.
为提高镁合金板材拉深性能,提出一种基于固体颗粒介质成形（Solid granules medium forming,SGMF）工艺的镁合金板材差温拉深工艺。以单向拉伸试验获取的AZ31B镁合金板材真应力—应变曲线和颗粒材料性能试验构建的介质线性Drucker-Prager本构模型为基础,采用有限元法对板材拉深成形进行热力耦合数值模拟并进行试验验证,研究压边力、压边间隙和温度对板材拉深性能的影响。结果表明：压边间隙和压边力联合控制比单纯控制压边力或是压边间隙更能有效地提高板材拉深性能;AZ31B镁合金板材在拉深过程中对温度有较强敏感性,板材变形温度为250~300℃,颗粒介质与其温差100~150℃时,板材达到最佳拉深性能;颗粒介质能够对工件筒壁部位提供轴向摩擦力,该摩擦力能有效提高材料拉深性能并保证板厚的均匀性,这是SGMF工艺的优势所在。
The experimental die apparatus of the solid granules medium forming on sheet metal was designed and manufactured.Typical parts,such as conical,parabolic,cylindrical and square-box-shaped components,were successfully trial-produced as well.According to the analysis of the changing trends of the cross-section shape and the wall thickness during the process,it can be found that the shape of the free deformation zone of the sheet metal,which is the most critical thinning area,can be described as an approximately spherical cap.According to this forming feature,back pressure deep drawing technology with solid granules medium on sheet metal was proposed to restrain drastic thinning at the bottom of the part through the joint friction effect of solid granules medium,the back pressure tringle and the sheet metal.Therefore,the deep drawing limit of the sheet metal is significantly improved.In order to fabricate thin-walled rotary parts with great drawing ratio and complex cross-sections,a finite element model based on the material property test of the solid granules medium was established to optimize the scheme of the back pressure deep drawing.The effects on the forming performance of sheet metal from back pressure load and the approach of blank holding control were analyzed through this model.
固体颗粒介质成形工艺是采用固体颗粒介质代替刚性凸模(凹模)的作用,对金属板料、管材拉深胀形的先进工艺,在复杂零件精密成形、难加工材料成形、温热成形等方面具有独特优势。为揭示该工艺中固体颗粒介质的传力特性,采用离散元法(Discrete/distinct element method,DEM)数值模拟固体颗粒介质在单轴压缩下的受力过程,从力链角度分析固体颗粒介质在压缩过程中细观结构的变化规律,并以直径1 mm不锈钢球为传力介质,自行设计颗粒介质传力性能试验,数值模拟结果与实测值吻合较好。研究发现颗粒配位数与体积份额呈幂函数关系,侧压系数与压应力亦呈幂函数关系,且当内部力链结构趋于稳定时,侧压系数趋于定值。应用散体力学研究方法推导出固体颗粒介质压力衰减规律,进而得到介质传力极限距离,这对如何准确控制成形中颗粒介质压力分布,提高加工工件的成形性能具有重要意义。
