In this work,we explore the potentiality of future gravitational wave(GW)and Type la supermovae(SNe la)measurements to detect cosmic opacity by comparing the opacity-free luminosity distance(LD)of GW events with the opacity-dependent LD of SNe la observations.The GW data are simulated from the future measurements of the ground-based Einstein Telescope(ET)and the space-borne Deci-Herz Interferometer Gravitational wave Obser-vatory(DECIGO).The SNe la data are simulated from the observations of the Wide Field Infrared Survey Tele-scope(WFIRST)that will be collected over the next few decades.A binning method is adopted to match the GW data with the SNe la data at the same redshift z with a sclection criterion|△z|<0.005,and most of the available data from the GW measurements is employed to detect cosmic opacity due to improvements in the distribution of the fu-ture SNe la observations.Results show that the uncertainties of the constraints on cosmic opacity can be reduced toσe~0.0041 and 0.0014 at the lσconfidence level(CL)for 1000 data points from the ET and DECIGO measure-ments,respectively.Compared with the allowable limits of intergalactic opacity obtained from quasar continum ob-servations,these future astronomical observations can be used to verify the cosmic opacity.In this way,GW and SNe la measurements can be used as important and effective tools to detect cosmic opacity in the future.
A space-dependent atomic superfluid current with an explicit analytical expression and its role in Bose–Einstein condensates are studied. The factors determining the intensity and oscillating amplitude of the space-dependent atomic superfluid current are explored in detail. Research findings reveal that the intensity of the current can be regulated by setting an appropriate configuration of the trap and its oscillating amplitude can be adjusted via Feshbach resonance. It is numerically demonstrated that the space-dependent atomic superfluid current can exert great influence on the spatial distribution of condensed atoms, and even force condensed atoms into very complex distributional states with spatial chaos.
